Articles related to COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC)

Over a 24-year-period, more than 200,000 men (n=46,341) and women (n=159,907) had dietary intake assessments performed every four years via survey. During the period, 3,216 CRC cancer cases were reported. Men with the highest 20% of ultra-processed food consumption had a 29% higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. For women, no association was seen between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of CRC. Ready-to-eat meat products and sugar-sweetened drinks among men and ready-to-eat/heat mixed dishes among women had the highest risk of CRC. Yogurt and dairy-based desserts had a negative associated risk for women.

With two cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, nearly every patient with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colon cancer in the NICHE-2 trial achieved a pathologic response. At a median follow-up of 13.1 months, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 100% vs. an expected rate for this patient population of 15%.

Three-hundred-twenty-four (324) patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (INCT-CRT) or chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy (CRT-CNCT). Patients then underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) or were assigned to a watch-and-wait status on the basis of tumor response. Three-year TME-free survival was 41% in the INCT-CRT group and 53% in the CRT-CNCT group. Organ preservation is achievable in half of the patients with rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy, without an apparent detriment in survival.

Recent trends in locally advanced rectal cancer treatment have focused on risk-stratification of patients and tailoring treatment to achieve the best outcome while limiting the impact on long-term quality of life. There has been increasing interest in watch-and-wait approaches to achieve organ preservation. This article provides an overview of some major developments in the multimodal treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, reviews controversial issues of the watch-and-wait approach and opportunities to personally tailor and reduce treatment, and provides an algorithm example of how such a personalized, tailored, adaptive, and reduced treatment could look like in the future.

This multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III trial conducted in Japan compared 3 versus 6 months of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with curatively resected stage III colon cancer. Study participants received either a modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, regimen, or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) regimen. Five-year OS rates were comparable between the two groups: 87.0% in the 3-month treatment group and 86.4% in the 6-month treatment group. Peripheral sensory neuropathy lasting longer than 5 years was twice as common in the 6- compared with 3-month treatment group (16% v 8%, respectively) and in those receiving mFOLFOX6 compared with CAPOX (14% v 11%, respectively).

In a small study of the PD-1 blocker dostarlimab, 100% of patients with locally advanced mismatch repair–deficient Stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma experienced remission. The study participants were treated with dostarlimab monotherapy infused every three weeks for six months. The original intent was to follow dostarlimab with chemotherapy, radiation and surgery, but that turned out to be unnecessary.Read the study summary here.