Several advancements have been made in the field of bone graft materials over the past few decades to improve their characteristics, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and capacity to degrade, in order to more closely resemble those of real bone. The purpose of this article is to clarify and simplify the principles of these materials in endodontics. The practitioner needs to be aware of these alternatives and their properties in order to give each patient the best clinical outcome feasible.