Articles related to Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism

A retrospective analysis of more than 840,000 patients with breast cancer found lower all-cause mortality and reduced recurrence risk among those with obesity or type 2 diabetes who received GLP-1 receptor agonists compared with similar patients who did not, though the study did not establish causation.

In a 794-patient randomized trial, early-stage type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled on metformin who received tirzepatide achieved nearly twice the HbA1c reduction of those on intensified conventional care at 2 years, and 60% reached normoglycemia (HbA1c <5.7%), compared to 24% in the ICC arm.

Phase 3 TRIUMPH-1 trial results for retatrutide, a triple hormone agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, showed up to 28.3% mean weight loss at 80 weeks and 30.3% in patients with BMI ≥35 at 104 weeks — the largest weight reduction reported in a medication trial to date, per Lilly’s press release.

Two Lilly-sponsored placebo-controlled trials found that adults who transitioned from high-dose injectable GLP-1 therapy to either oral tirzepatide (Foundayo) or a reduced 5 mg tirzepatide maintenance dose preserved most of their prior weight loss over one year, compared to substantial regain in placebo arms.

A narrative review of UCLA spice research found associations between common culinary spices — cinnamon, turmeric, red pepper, and spice blends — and glucose regulation, gut microbiome composition, and cognitive markers, though most findings stem from small trials and in vitro work using supratherapeutic doses.

The FDA approved inhaled insulin (Afrezza) for pediatric patients aged 6 and older with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, based on phase 3 trial data and long-term safety evidence from manufacturer-sponsored studies.