An international guideline recommends a more structured, phenotype-driven approach to genetic testing in children with short stature, identifying clinical characteristics that increase diagnostic yield while outlining when testing is and is not warranted.

A young child with an inherited tumor-predisposition syndrome develops recurrent bilateral visual decline after completing first-line chemotherapy for a radiographically diagnosed optic pathway tumor, requiring reassessment of treatment urgency, systemic options, and surveillance.

Five years after participation in randomized trials, children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder who received choline supplementation during early childhood demonstrated higher nonverbal IQ and working-memory performance than peers who received placebo, suggesting the intervention may influence long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories.

A review of prematurity-associated lung disease (PLD) argues that respiratory follow-up should extend beyond early childhood and focus on current symptoms and lung-function trajectories rather than relying exclusively on a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Using the television comedy “Abbott Elementary” as a framework, a pediatric resident explores parallels between teaching and pediatrics, arguing that both professions are sustained by a deep commitment to children while facing chronic underinvestment, workforce shortages, and moral injury.

Researchers identified regulatory variants affecting the X-linked gene MECP2 that may contribute to autism risk in males, offering a potential genetic explanation for part of the long-observed male predominance in autism spectrum disorder. Mutations associated with approximately 30% reductions in MECP2 expression produced autism-related phenotypes without causing classic Rett syndrome.