Experimental research linked alcohol exposure with microglia-mediated disruption of the brain’s extracellular matrix and subsequent neuronal dysfunction, identifying a neuroimmune mechanism that was also accompanied by extracellular-matrix abnormalities in human tissue samples.

Whole-genome sequencing of nearly one million participants identified pathogenic DMPK repeat expansions more frequently than historical estimates of myotonic dystrophy type 1 prevalence, while linking expansion status with cardiac conduction disorders and early-onset cataracts.

In patients with early multiple sclerosis starting interferon beta-1a, serum neurofilament light chain levels predicted progression before MRI findings were considered, but did not provide independent long-term prognostic value after adjustment for baseline imaging.

The revised McDonald criteria recognize the cerebrospinal fluid κFLC index as an alternative to oligoclonal bands for demonstrating intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, expanding laboratory options while preserving the need for integrated MS diagnosis.

In a Norwegian cohort of more than 200,000 children, maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy was not associated with higher overall rates of childhood neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorders, although follow-up remained relatively short.

A review identified 15 reports of Wernicke encephalopathy among patients receiving GLP-1 therapies, most accompanied by poor intake, vomiting, weight loss, or malnutrition, highlighting a rare safety signal without establishing drug-related causality.