The adenoviral vector–based gene therapy contains the gene for interferon alfa-2b. It is administered by catheter into the bladder once every three months. The virus penetrates the bladder endothelial cells and releases the gene, which is incorporated by the cells. As a result, the cells begin secreting high levels of the cancer-fighting interferon.

According to the findings of the study, gabapentin should not be used on a regular basis. Individualization is required, based on the type of pain and the risk of delirium. If gabapentin is used to control postoperative pain, it must be closely monitored for the development of delirium. Low-dose opioids, along with nonpharmacologic pain management strategies such as postoperative physical therapy and mobilization, can still be used safely in the study population. Rather than relying on a single medication, a more holistic approach to postoperative pain control in the hospital setting is required.

Chalazia are very typical eyelid lesions that most optometrists often treat. There are several treatment choices, with incision and curettage being a great in-office surgical option that often produces the best outcomes with the most patient satisfaction. The chalazion incision and curettage surgery is particularly satisfying to carry out since patients respond well to it and typically see a noticeable improvement in the appearance of their eyelid from preoperative to postoperative times. A piece of advice for an optometrist who is just beginning to undertake in-office treatments is to complete a number of other procedures first to gain experience performing them on simpler removals before beginning chalazion incision and curettage.

After watching or listening to this CME activity hosted by Cynthia Matossian, MD, FACS, Founder and Medical Director at Matossian Eye Associates in Hopewell, NJ, and Jillian Ziemanski, OD, PhD, FAAO, Clinical Assistant Professor at the UAB School of Optometry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, ophthalmologists and optometrists should be better equipped to analyze clinical trial data supporting the safety and effectiveness of device therapy to treat meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

How to get parents to agree to have their kids undergo orthokeratology (ortho-k) is covered by Cary Herzberg, OD. The key to gaining parent support for ortho-k is to pinpoint the individual obstacles and create and organize a plan of action to get beyond them. The OD must fully understand the specialty in order to achieve this, and when speaking with patients, they must build conversations and talking points.

For some of the most often applied treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), such as imaging, exfoliation therapy, heat therapy, strong pulsed light therapy, and meibomian probing, Myranda Partin, OD, offers advice, coding, and reimbursement information.