Articles related to Neurology

A systematic review of 30 longitudinal MRI studies found that CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with structural, functional, vascular, and metabolic brain changes. However, the evidence remains heterogeneous, largely exploratory, and insufficient to support routine MRI monitoring of treatment response.

A prospective multicenter study of 970 adults with suspected mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) found that a rapid point-of-care blood test measuring GFAP and UCH-L1 achieved 96.5% sensitivity and 96.5% negative predictive value for detecting CT-positive intracranial injury, supporting its potential role in reducing unnecessary head CT imaging.

This review outlines a practical approach to headache imaging, emphasizing that MRI is preferred over CT in most nonemergent settings, while contrast-enhanced MRI should be reserved for specific red-flag scenarios such as malignancy, immunosuppression, focal neurologic deficits, intracranial pressure disorders, infection, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.

Developmental topographical disorientation (DTD) is a rare condition characterized by lifelong difficulty navigating familiar environments despite otherwise intact cognition. The article highlights how preserved landmark recognition can coexist with an inability to form accurate cognitive maps, creating significant functional impairment that may be mistaken for acquired neurologic disease.

An experimental cell therapy that couples a patient’s red blood cells with myelin protein fragments was well tolerated in a 10-patient Phase 1b study and was associated with increases in regulatory T-cells and reductions in neurofilament light chain, a biomarker linked to nerve injury.

In a propensity-matched analysis of more than 66,000 adults with hypertension, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-crossing antihypertensives were associated with a 16% lower dementia risk than BBB-non-crossing agents. The observational design prevents causal conclusions but adds to growing interest in whether some antihypertensives may influence cognitive outcomes beyond blood pressure control.