DIET & NUTRITION 
PATIENT EDUCATION 
OBESITY/WEIGHT MANAGEMENT 
EXERCISE/TRAINING 
LEGAL MATTERS 
GUIDELINES/RECOMMENDATIONS This article reviews a variety of options that are available to aid in caring for patients who refuse blood transfusions, ranging from tranexamic acid to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. With the use of these treatments, patients who decline blood transfusion can be safely managed in situations ranging from elective surgery to stem cell transplant to pregnancy.
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