This article reviews a variety of options that are available to aid in caring for patients who refuse blood transfusions, ranging from tranexamic acid to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. With the use of these treatments, patients who decline blood transfusion can be safely managed in situations ranging from elective surgery to stem cell transplant to pregnancy.
PATIENT EDUCATION
OBESITY/WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
EXERCISE/TRAINING
LEGAL MATTERS
GUIDELINES/RECOMMENDATIONS