Optometric ManagementGlaucoma: Limit These Three ‘S’s

Uncover valuable strategies to guide your patients in mitigating glaucoma lifestyle-associated risk factors.

Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing glaucoma. It results in episcleral vasoconstriction, impaired optic nerve perfusion, irregular blood flow, and higher vasospasms. Additionally, smoking boosts the eye’s oxidative load while reducing circulating antioxidants. Consequently, it amplifies glaucoma risks, especially in genetically susceptible individuals and heavy smokers. Actionably, recommend smoking-cessation apps and credible online resources to patients.

Stress too has a considerable impact on glaucoma progression. Chronic stress triggers organ dysfunctions, including eye maladies, elevates intraocular pressure (IOP), and may cause vascular dysregulation, leading to partial hypoxia and hypoglycaemia. Additionally, blood pressure extremes, particularly nocturnal hypotension, heighten the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, endorse stress-reducing relaxation techniques and positive communication strategies to your patients.

Turning to stimulants, caffeine and alcohol are noteworthy. Studies suggest that patients genetically predisposed to higher IOP levels may experience amplified effects post-caffeine consumption. Similarly, alcohol consumption correlates with increased IOP, thus posing as another modifiable glaucoma risk factor. In these cases, propose moderation in caffeine and alcohol consumption, advocating for gradual reductions and environmental changes to facilitate better habits.

In conclusion, considering factors beyond IOP levels — smoking, stress, and stimulants — can have a positive impact on glaucoma prognosis. Tailoring your advice to individual patients’ lifestyle-associated risk factors can foster beneficial outcomes.