Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (CCJM)Puffy Hand Syndrome

A 37-year-old man presented with persistent swelling, limited range of motion, and loss of hand dexterity in both hands. He had a history of IV drug use, including opiates and methamphetamine. The examination showed diffuse swelling without joint inflammation. Lab tests were normal, and imaging revealed soft-tissue swelling. The diagnosis was puffy hand syndrome, a common complication of IV drug use. Treatment options are mainly symptomatic, including discontinuation of IV drug use and the use of low-stretch bandages and compression gloves.

Puffy hand syndrome, often unrecognized by general practitioners, should be considered in patients with swelling and limited hand function who have a history of IV drug use. The syndrome involves progressive fibrosis of subcutaneous tissues due to repeated injection-induced vascular and dermal sclerosis. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, history, and evaluation ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief and cessation of IV drug use.