Significant progress has been made in the last 20 years in the identification of therapeutically relevant oncogenic drivers in NSCLC. These oncogenic drivers have been the focus of targeted medicines that have been created to offer enhanced tailored treatment for NSCLC. To improve the choice of patient-specific treatment, an oral presentation at the 2023 ONA Summit Live Virtual Meeting compared guideline-directed targeted therapies based on patient and tumor characteristics. It also described collaborative strategies for managing therapy-related adverse events for this patient population. Key molecular characteristics in advanced NSCLC were also discussed, along with their relationships to current and emerging targeted therapies.