GoodRx HealthA List of Drugs Linked to Dementia

Read the original article

Research continues to establish associations between common medications and increased dementia risk, particularly in cases of long-term use and higher dosages. Four major drug classes have been identified: anticholinergics, proton pump inhibitors, pain medications, and benzodiazepines. The evidence suggests careful consideration of these medications’ risk-benefit profiles, especially in elderly patients and those with existing cognitive concerns.

Key Points:

• Anticholinergic medications show significant correlation with dementia risk in large-scale studies (n=300,000), particularly affecting learning, memory, and cognition through acetylcholine blockade
• The anticholinergic class includes commonly prescribed medications: antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, IBS medications, and overactive bladder treatments
• Proton pump inhibitors demonstrate 1.5x and 1.4x increased dementia risk in men and women respectively, potentially through β-amyloid plaque accumulation and vitamin B12 malabsorption
• Both opioids and NSAIDs correlate with elevated dementia risk in long-term users, though causation remains unclear between medication use versus chronic pain effects
• Benzodiazepines present particular concerns for older adults, with risks extending beyond dementia to include dependence, respiratory depression, and cognitive impairment

HCN Medical Memo
Consider implementing regular medication reviews for patients on long-term prescriptions within these four drug classes, particularly in elderly populations. Focus on minimizing doses where possible and exploring alternative therapeutic options when appropriate.

More on Drug Safety & Interactions