Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based molecular residual disease (MRD) might be used to identify patients who would benefit more from standard-of-care adjuvant chemotherapy by accurately assessing recurrence-risk post-surgery and by evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy. This analysis from the GALAXY study, an observational study monitoring MRD, evaluates the association of ctDNA dynamics with a short-term clinical outcome and ACT efficacy.