Articles related to Infectious Diseases

Since the onset of COVID-19, medical professionals have struggled to rapidly diagnose and determine whether someone has the respiratory illness. This issue is particularly acute in hospital intensive care units (ICUs) where doctors and nurses must triage patients based on the severity of their illnesses. Now, a “breathalyzer” test given to critically ill patients has been found to detect the virus quickly and efficiently, providing new hope for the rapid screening of people who are overwhelming hospital emergency rooms. Specifically, the breathalyzer test was found to detect COVID-19 with 88% sensitivity among a group of 46 patients admitted to an ICU.

At the outset of the pandemic, biotechnology company Novavax was one of the frontrunners to bring a vaccine against COVID-19 to market. But nearly two years later, Novavax’s vaccine has yet to appear. In a compelling article, the BMJ details the repeated delays and setbacks that have torpedoed Novavax’s once-promising vaccine candidate and rendered it unnecessary now that other vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca flood the global marketplace.

A study published in Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) argues that immunosuppressed patients and people with compromised immune systems need more than two vaccine doses to achieve adequate protection against COVID-19. After two vaccine doses, immunocompromised patients saw 77% vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization, versus 90% for immunocompetent individuals.

Only 8 of 35 studies could be included in the meta-analysis. Combined, these indicate a 25% risk reduction for physical distancing, 53% for mask-wearing, and 53% for hand washing. The accompanying BMJ editorial explores the possible reasons for the findings and the oddity that so little quality research is available on such an important topic.