168 adults with unresectable stage IIIC-IV melanoma with progression after 1 line of systemic treatment (not including ipilimumab) were randomly assigned to receive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy or ipilimumab. With a median follow-up of nearly 3 years, the median PFS was 7.2 months in the TIL arm and 3.1 months in the ipilimumab arm.