The New England Journal of MedicineMicroplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events

Understanding the Cardiovascular Risks of Microplastics: A Look into Carotid Artery Plaque

Recent research sheds light on the potential cardiovascular hazards posed by microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs), providing crucial insights for the medical community. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the presence of MNPs in carotid artery plaque and their association with increased cardiovascular events.

Study Design:

• Participants: 304 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease.
• Duration: Prospective, multicenter, observational study with an average follow-up of 33.7±6.9 months.
• Methods: Carotid plaque specimens were analyzed for MNPs using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis, and electron microscopy. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunohistochemical assays.

Key Findings:

• MNPs were detected in the carotid artery plaque of 58.4% of patients, predominantly polyethylene, with a smaller percentage showing polyvinyl chloride.
• The presence of MNPs was associated with a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death (hazard ratio, 4.53; P<0.001).
• Electron microscopy showed that these particles were visible within plaque macrophages and in external debris, some containing chlorine.

According to a report by the World Health Organization, microplastics have been found in various sources, including drinking water, raising concerns about widespread exposure and potential health impacts.

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