We can better understand outcomes in patients with a variety of ages, ethnicities, comorbidities, and exposures by using observational data. It can be challenging or even impossible to disentangle the diverse effects of dynamic elements like vaccination rates, patient behaviors, and COVID-19 pathogenicity. Randomized controlled trials involving blood cancer patients are required to fully assess the impact of COVID-19 therapies. The impact of both bivalent vaccines and prophylactic monoclonal antibodies, as well as ways to assure equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and therapies, will all be determined by future study. Some of those studies must involve people who have hematologic malignancies.

Doctors and other healthcare professionals should be better able to describe the current role of immuno-oncology (IO) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate how new information on novel IO strategies may alter the approach to therapy in HCC after completing this four-chapter CME activity.

The researchers tested whether a ctDNA-guided strategy could lower the need for adjuvant chemotherapy without increasing the risk of recurrence. Recurrence-free survival at 2 years was the main efficacy end objective. Adjuvant chemotherapy usage was a significant secondary end goal.

In this trial, disease-free survival was longer with adjuvant nivolumab than with placebo in the intention-to-treat population and among patients with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma who had had radical surgery.

The effectiveness of one’s dry eye disease (DED) clinic depends on staff involvement in both diagnostic testing and patient education for three reasons: (1) It enables ODs to see more DED patients and quickly prescribe the treatment(s) needed to provide symptomatic relief; (2) It emphasizes the significance of diagnosing and adhering to the prescribed DED treatment; (3) And it fosters staff loyalty to a practice because they are actively involved in patient care rather than merely checking off the boxes.

Controversies about contact lenses are ongoing, and the American Optometric Association Contact Lens and Cornea Section leadership is once again thrilled to present a fresh series on this subject in this yearly piece for Contact Lens Spectrum. These debates concern the following topics: On-label vs. off-label myopia management treatments Do we overprescribe scleral lenses? Should all contact lens wearers be fitted with daily disposable lenses?