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Heart
Studies on fluid restriction in patients with HF are scarce, and most of the available studies are at high risk of bias. Although power is lacking, there is no evidence indicating that fluid restriction affects mortality or HF hospitalizations, but there is a signal of harm in terms of thirst distress.
Cardiology March 25th 2026
Physician’s Weekly
“Relying on spot serum lactate as a marker for poor perfusion leads to incorrect and harmful interventions, particularly fluid overload.” — Dr. Frank Brodkey
Cardiology February 23rd 2026
Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC)
FRESH-UP found no benefit in health status, hospitalizations, or mortality when restricting fluids to 1,500 mL daily in stable heart failure patients, while significantly increasing thirst distress.
Cardiology May 6th 2025
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (CCJM)
Emerging data suggest that lactated Ringer’s is associated with improved health outcomes and may be superior to normal saline in acute pancreatitis management.
Emergency Medicine August 19th 2024
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