Even after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HCT), poor outcomes are typically the case in patients with TP53-mutant (mTP53) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The data from recent trials using the combination of eprenetapopt (APR-246) and azacitidine showed positive preclinical results in mTP53 AML/MDS, and this trial sought to assess the efficacy and safety of the eprenetapopt and azacitidine combination as maintenance therapy after allogeneic HCT in patients with mTP53 AML or MDS.

The study confirmed the high unmet need among older adults with AML, namely that overall survival (OS) without transplant is poor and consistent with other studies. The authors also remark that a “definitive evidence-based recommendation favoring venetoclax and azacitidine (ven/aza) or CPX-351 in older adults will require a randomized trial.”

Major advances in the understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has prompted the need for this update, which includes a revised European LeukemiaNet (ELN) genetic risk classification, revised response criteria, and treatment recommendations from the 2010 and 2017 editions.

In this case, the second in a three-part series, a man was diagnosed with prostate cancer based on a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 6.5 ng/mL. The initial diagnosis was stage 3 disease (T3, N0, M0), with a Gleason score of 3+4=7. The rationale for the treatment decisions is explained, along with the trials (ARAMIS, SPARTAN, PROSPER) that influenced the decisions.

Some physicians believe that Gleason 6 should be reclassified as something other than cancer, which could be a valid argument because Gleason 6 isn’t going to cause any harm and therefore can be safely observed. This commentary provides arguments as to why that reclassification idea is a flawed concept.

The study was comprised of 17,913 men with a median age of 64 years with pT2-4N1M0 prostate cancer (PC) consecutively treated between 1995 and 2017, with postradical prostatectomy (RP) and pelvic lymph node (LN) assessment. The patients were then followed for possible treatment with adjuvant radiation therapy (aRT) or early salvage radiation therapy (sRT). It was determined that men with pN1 PC and 4 or more as compared with 1-3 positive pelvic LNs appear to benefit the most from the use of aRT.