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In a population-based trial, MRI-targeted biopsy significantly reduced the detection of clinically insignificant prostate cancer compared to systematic biopsy, without increasing the risk of advanced cancer detection. These findings support the use of MRI-targeted biopsy as a more efficient and safer screening method.

Primary CNS vasculitis affects an estimated 2.4 cases per 1 million person-years, presenting a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for neurologists and rheumatologists.

Early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia remains a clinical challenge due to its often vague symptoms, but timely imaging and high clinical suspicion are key to preventing catastrophic outcomes.

Cannonball pulmonary lesions on imaging should prompt a thorough investigation for underlying malignancy, particularly germ cell tumors.

Diabetic retinopathy is the only leading cause of blindness that has not experienced a decrease in age-standardized prevalence between 1990 and 2020, highlighting the urgent need for improved prevention and management strategies.

Congenital syphilis can present with subtle signs at birth, making thorough newborn examinations and appropriate maternal screening crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.