Articles related to Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Invasive pneumococcal disease declined among US children across vaccine eras, but incidence remained substantially higher among those with chronic medical or immunocompromising conditions, with relative disparities widening over the 25-year claims-based study.

Updated joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection emphasize antimicrobial stewardship, susceptibility-guided therapy, and more selective testing strategies. The recommendations also introduce several changes regarding screening, incidental findings, and management of associated conditions.

The American Academy of Pediatrics expanded its definition of children at high risk for severe RSV disease who should receive immunization before their second RSV season, adding several congenital, developmental, and prematurity-related conditions to existing eligibility criteria.

A perspective article argues that vaccine-hesitant parents often communicate uncertainty indirectly through delays, scheduling questions, or silence rather than explicit refusal. The author proposes an “announce, detect, switch” framework that warrants prospective evaluation before broader adoption.

Analysis of 900 fungal isolates from pediatric invasive fungal infections found low overall resistance rates to azoles and echinocandins across most species. Isavuconazole demonstrated activity comparable to established triazoles against many clinically important molds and yeasts.

The FDA expanded approval of Capvaxive, a pneumococcal 21-valent conjugate vaccine, to children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years with at least one chronic medical condition increasing pneumococcal disease risk, based on STRIDE-13 trial data showing noninferiority to PPSV23 across 12 shared serotypes and statistically significantly higher OPA GMTs for 9 serotypes unique to Capvaxive.