Articles related to GUIDELINES/RECOMMENDATIONS

The revised McDonald criteria recognize the cerebrospinal fluid κFLC index as an alternative to oligoclonal bands for demonstrating intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, expanding laboratory options while preserving the need for integrated MS diagnosis.

An international guideline recommends a more structured, phenotype-driven approach to genetic testing in children with short stature, identifying clinical characteristics that increase diagnostic yield while outlining when testing is and is not warranted.

ACP places estrogen-based therapy first in its pharmacologic pathway for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, with nonhormonal alternatives for contraindications or intolerance. Recommendation strength and evidence certainty vary, and long-term safety evidence remains limited.

The American Heart Association has updated infective endocarditis guidance to incorporate the 2023 Duke/ISCVID diagnostic criteria, advanced microbiologic diagnostics, contemporary imaging recommendations, and evolving antimicrobial treatment approaches while emphasizing multidisciplinary management.

The 2026 ESC heart failure guidelines redefine ejection-fraction phenotypes, formalize stages A through D, and broaden foundational therapy recommendations, including SGLT2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists across defined clinical settings.

Early detection remains one of the strongest tools against prostate cancer, with localized disease associated with nearly 100% 5-year survival. An oncology nursing review highlights screening, risk stratification, precision medicine, and the expanding role of nurses in education, care coordination, and survivorship support.